The Turin Papyrus King List

The Turin Papyrus, also known as the Turin King List, or, the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1200 BC), now in the Egyptian Museum in Turin. It is the most extensive list of kings known and is the basis for most of the Egyptian chronology before Ramesses II.

Unlike the other king lists, the Turin Papyrus includes foreign kings that ruled Egypt and lists the names of the rulers, the lengths of reigns in years, months, and days for each individual king. It also includes the names of ephemeral rulers and those ruling over small territories that may be unmentioned in other sources.

The papyrus was found by the Italian traveler Bernardino Drovetti in 1820 at Luxor, Egypt. Sadly, when it was unpacked in Italy, the list had disintegrated into small fragments, most of the list ruined forever.

The Turin Papyrus contain eleven columns and is also divided into ten sections, or dynasties (A-J) if you will, with summations and headings intersecting the list of kings. These dynasties does not synchronize well with Manetho – neither the number of kings, nor number of dynasties. Just have a look in the table below.

The papyrus is divided like this:

#	Hieroglyphs	Name in list	Pharaoh
2.10	Y5:N35-M17-A1	Meni m-n-i	Narmer Dynasty I, Pharaoh 1
2.11	Y5:N35-M17-Z4-G7	Meni m-n-i	Narmer Dynasty I, Pharaoh 1
2.12	X1:X1-Z4-M17-v/	Teti t-t-i	Aha Dynasty I, Pharaoh 2
2.13/14	M17-Z1-//-G7	Atet… i-t-t..	Djer Dynasty I, Pharaoh 3
2.15	//-G1-M17	..tiu ..tiw	Wadj Dynasty I, Pharaoh 4
2.16	Aa8*X1:Z4	Qenenti q-n-n-ti	Den Dynasty I, Pharaoh 5
2.17	U7:D21-U17-Q3:N35	Merigeregipen mri-grg-ipn	Anedjib Dynasty I, Pharaoh 6
2.18	S29-G17-S29-G17	Semsem sm-sm	Semerkhet Dynasty I, Pharaoh 7
2.19	//-D58-V28	..beh ..bH	Qaa Dynasty I, Pharaoh 8
2.20	//-G30-R4:Z2	Bauhetepju bAw-Htpiw	Hetepsekhemwy Dynasty II, Pharaoh 1
2.21	//-D52:E2-G43	Kakau kA-kAw	Nebra Dynasty II, Pharaoh 2
2.22	//-nTr-r:n	..netjeren ..nTr-rn	Ninetjer Dynasty II, Pharaoh 3
2.23	//-S29	..es ..s	Wadjnes Dynasty II, Pharaoh 4
2.24	G54-//	Senedj snD	Senedj Dynasty II, Pharaoh 5
2.25	F35-D28-Z1	Neferka nfr-kA	Neferkara I Dynasty II, Pharaoh 8
3.1	F35-D28-Z1-O34:V31:D21-Z5-G7	Neferkasokar nfr-kA-skr	Neferkaseker Dynasty II, Pharaoh 9
3.10	//	Name unreadable ..	Khufu Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 2
3.11	//	Name unreadable ..	Djedefra Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 3
3.12	//-N28://-G7	Kha.. ..-xa-..	Khafra Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 4
3.13	//	Name unreadable ..	Baka Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 5
3.14	//	Name unreadable ..	Menkaura Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 6
3.15	//	Name unreadable ..	Shepseskaf Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 7
3.16	//	Name unreadable ..	Thamphthis Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 8
3.17	//-D28-Z1-G7	..ka ..kA	Userkaf Dynasty V, Pharaoh 1
3.18			Sahura Dynasty V, Pharaoh 2
3.19			Neferirkara I Kakai Dynasty V, Pharaoh 3
3.2	V28-I10:I9-G1-G41:G37	Hudjefa Hw-DfA	Hudjefa I Dynasty II, Pharaoh 10
3.20			Shepseskara Netjeruser Dynasty V, Pharaoh 4
3.21			Neferefra Isi Dynasty V, Pharaoh 5
3.22			Niuserra Ini Dynasty V, Pharaoh 6
3.23	G5-G7-Y5:N35-D28-Z1-G7	Menkahor mn-kA-Hr	Menkauhor Kaiu Dynasty V, Pharaoh 7
3.24	R11-R11	Djedu Ddw	Djedkara Isesi Dynasty V, Pharaoh 8
3.25	E34:N35-M17-S29	Unas wnis	Unas Dynasty V, Pharaoh 9
3.3	D58-D58-X1:Z4-//	Bebeti b-b-t-i	Khasekhemwy Dynasty II, Pharaoh 11
3.4	V30-D28-Z1-//	Nebka nb-kA	Nebka Dynasty III, Pharaoh 1
3.5	D45:D21-M17-X1-G7	Djeserit Dsr-it	Djeser Dynasty III, Pharaoh 2
3.6	D45:D21-X1:Z4-G7	Djeserti Dsr-ti	Sekhemkhet Dynasty III, Pharaoh 3
3.7	//-G41:G37-G7	Hudjefa HwDfA	Hudjefa II Dynasty III, Pharaoh 4
3.9	S29-F35-//-G7	Snefer.. s-nfr..	Sneferu Dynasty IV, Pharaoh 1
4.1			Teti II Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 1
4.10	F35-I9:D21-G7	Nefer nfr	Neferkara Neby Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 4
4.2			Userkara Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 2
4.20	N5-F35-D28-Z1-G7	Neferkara nfr-kA-ra	Neferkara III Dynasty IX, Pharaoh 2
4.21	F32:t-A50-U33-i-G7-//	Khet-ity xt-iti	Wahkara Khety I Dynasty IX, Pharaoh 1
4.22	S29-M23-M23-N35:N35-A53-O4	Senenh.. s-sw-sw-n-n-wi-h	Isu Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 24
4.23	//-W24-//	..nu.. ..nw..	Iytenu Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 25
4.23	N5-F35-D28	Neferkara nfr-kA-ra	Neferkara Khety III Dynasty IX, Pharaoh 4
4.24	U7:D21-//	Meri.. mri	Meribra Khety II Dynasty IX, Pharaoh 3
4.3			Pepi I Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 3
4.4			Nemtiemsaf I Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 4
4.5			Pepi II Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 5
4.6			Nemtiemsaf II Dynasty VI, Pharaoh 6
4.8	N35:X1*Z5-M17-N29:D21-X1:Z4-G7	Nitiqerty nit-iqr-ti	Netjerikara Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 1
4.8	G7-G39-Z1-Q3:X1-V28	Saptah sA-ptH	Netjerikara Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 1
4.9	F35-D28-Z1-G7	Neferka nfr-kA	Neferkara II Dynasty VIII, Pharaoh 3
5.16	N5:V30-P8-G7	Nebhapetra nb-HApt-ra	Mentuhetep II Dynasty XI, Pharaoh 5
5.17	S29-S34-N35:Aa1-D28	Sankhka.. s-anx-kA..	Mentuhetep III Dynasty XI, Pharaoh 6
6.1	N5-U4:D36-P8-Z7-A17	Maatkherura mAat-xrw-ra	Amenemhat IV Dynasty XII, Pharaoh 7
6.19	N5-Y8-D44:N17:N17-I4-R4:X1*Q3	Sekhemra Khutawy Sebekhetep sxm-ra xwi-tAwi sbk-Htp	Sebekhetep II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 16
6.2	N5-F35-F35-F35-I5A-G7	Neferusobekra nfrw-sbk-ra	Neferusobek Dynasty XII, Pharaoh 8
6.20	N5-F12-//-Z1-N5:N35-M36:D21	User..ra Khendjer wsr-..-ra xnDr	Khendjer Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 17
6.20	Aa1:N35-M36:D21	Khendjer xnDr	Khendjer Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 17
6.21	N5-//-D28-G7	..kara ..kA-ra	Imyremeshaw Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 18
6.22	//-D28-Z1	..ka ..kA	Intef IV Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 19
6.22	W25:N35-X1:I9	Intef ini.it.f	Intef IV Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 19
6.23	//-F34-Z1-G7	..ib.. ..ib..	Seth I Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 20
6.23	C7	Seth stH	Seth I Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 20
6.24	N5-Y8-//-I5-R4:X1-Q3	Sekhemra .. Sebekhetep sxm-ra swAD-tAwi sbk-Htp	Sebekhetep III Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 21
6.25	N5-N28:D36-v/-S42-F35-R4:X1*Q3	Sekhemra Sewadjtawy Sebekhetep sxm-ra swAD-tAwi sbk-Htp	Neferhetep I Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 22
6.26	N5-O6-X1:O1-G5-G7-G38&Z1-G7	Sahathor sA-HtHr	Sahathor Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 23
6.27	N5-N28:D36-Y1-F35-I3-R4:X1*Q3	Khaneferra xai-nfr-ra	Sebekhetep IV Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 24
6.5	N5-D43:N17:N17-G7	Khutawyra xw-tAwi-ra	Khutawyra Wegaf Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 1
6.6	N5-Y8-D28-Z1	Sekhemkara sxm-kA-ra	Amenemhat V Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 2
7.1	N5-N28:D36:Y1-R4:X1*Q3	Khahetepra xai-Htp-ra	Sebekhetep V Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 25
7.13	//-F31-S29-Z5	..mesu? ..-ms-s-ms	Dedumose II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 34
7.14	N5-//-U4:D40-X1-H6	..maatra ..-mAat-ra	Ibi II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 35
7.14	M17-D58-E8-M17-A1	Ibi ibi	Ibi II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 35
7.15	N5-v/-G43-D58-(N35:N5)	..webenra ..ben-ra	Hor II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 36
7.15	G5-v/	Hor Hr..	Hor II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 36
7.16	N5-S29-//-D28-Z1-G7	Se–kara s..kA-ra	Se..kara Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 37
7.17	N5-//-(Y1:N35)	..enra ..n-ra	Senebmiu Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 38
7.2	N5-V29-V28-Y1:F34*Z1-M17-D36:N35:N35:N35-A24-F34:Z1	Wahibra Iaib wAH-ib-ra iai-ib	Wahibra Jaib Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 26
7.22	N5-U7:D21-L1	Merkheperra mr-xpr-ra	Merkheperra Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 39
7.23	N5-U7-D28-Z1	Merkara mr-kA-ra	Merkara Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 40
7.4	N5-U7:D21-R4:X1*Q3	Merhetepra mr-r-Htp-ra	Sebekhetep VI Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 28
7.5	N5-S29-S34-N35:Aa1:N35-S29-M13-X1:Z7	Sankhenra Sewadjtu sanx-n-ra swADtw	Sewadjtu Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 29
7.6	N5-U7:D21-S42-Z1-M17-K1:N35-D46:G36	Mersekhemra Ined mr-sxm-ra ind	Neferhetep II Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 30
7.7	N5-S29-M13-D28-Z1-G7	Sewadjkara swAD-kA-ra	Hori Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 31
7.8	v/-U7:D21-D28-Z1-v/-I3-//	Merkau(ra) Sebek(hetep) mr-kAw-[ra] sbk-[Htp]	Sebekhetep VII Dynasty XIII, Pharaoh 32
8.1	G21-V28-S29-Z4-T14	Nehesi nHsi	Nehesi Dynasty XIV, Pharaoh 1
8.2	N5-N28:D36:Y1-U33-Z4	Khatira xa-ti-ra	Khatira Dynasty XIV, Pharaoh 3
8.3	N5-V30:I9-F40-Z7:X1-Y1:Z2	Nebfaura nb-fAw-ra	Nebfaura Dynasty XIV, Pharaoh 4
8.4	N5-S29-V28-b-W3:N5	Sehabra s-HAb-ra	Sehabra Dynasty XIV, Pharaoh 5
8.5	N5-U7:D21-G1-G41:G37	Merdjefara mr-DfA-ra	Merdjefara Dynasty XIV, Pharaoh 2
10.20	M12-G1-G17-Z7-D46:Z4-T14	Khamudy xAmwdi	Khamudy Dynasty XV, Pharaoh 6
11.4	N5-S29-S34-N35	Seankhenra s-anx-n-ra	Mentuhetep VII Dynasty XVII, Pharaoh 4
11.7	N5-S29-(Y5:N35)-U32-(Y1:N35)	Semenenra smn.n-ra	Semenenra Dynasty XVII, Pharaoh 6
11.8	N5-S29-F12-S29-D21:D40	Seuser..ra swsr.n-ra	Bebiankh Dynasty XVII, Pharaoh 7
11.9	N5-S42-F30:D46-A24-S40-X1:O49-G7	Sekhemra Shedwaset sxm-ra šd-wAst	Sobekemsaf II Dynasty XVII, Pharaoh 8

Bibliography

• Lauth, Franz Joseph Manetho und der Turiner Königs-papyrus, (Munich 1865)
• Lepsius, Carl Richard Königsbuch der alten Ägypter, (Berlin: 1858)
• Meyer, Eduard Aegyptische Chronologie, (Berlin 1904)
• Farina, Giulio Il Papiro dei re, restaurato, (Rome 1938)
• Gardiner, Alan Royal Canon of Turin, (London 1959)
• Ryholt, Kim The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, (Copenhagen 1997)
• pharaoh.se